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膠體(ti)蓄(xu)電池(chi)(chi)與鉛酸蓄(xu)電池(chi)(chi)主要(yao)的優缺點、

　　高聚能(neng)(neng)膠體(ti)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)與鉛酸(suan)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)購買的(de)時(shi)候(hou)經常會出現(xian)這樣的(de)畫面，到底是買高聚能(neng)(neng)膠體(ti)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)還(huan)是鉛酸(suan)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)呢，貌(mao)似這兩個(ge)產品的(de)功能(neng)(neng)都很相似，所以商家(jia)在購買的(de)時(shi)候(hou)會出現(xian)猶豫不(bu)決(jue)的(de)情(qing)況，到底要購買那一種。

　　1、環保性能：該(gai)產(chan)(chan)品采(cai)用高份子(zi)聚合(he)硅(gui)(gui)膠體電解(jie)液取代硫酸，解(jie)決了在生產(chan)(chan)和(he)使用過(guo)程中一直存在的酸霧溢出和(he)接口腐蝕等環境污(wu)染的難題，而報(bao)廢的聚合(he)硅(gui)(gui)蓄電池的電解(jie)質還可作(zuo)肥料，無污(wu)染，易處理，電池柵板(ban)亦可回收再(zai)用。

　　2、充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)接(jie)受能(neng)(neng)(neng)力：充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)接(jie)受能(neng)(neng)(neng)力是衡量蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的一個(ge)重要技術(shu)指標。高聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)膠(jiao)體(ti)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)可(ke)用0.3-0.4CA電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流值充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，常規充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間為(wei)3-4小(xiao)時(shi)，僅為(wei)鉛酸(suan)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間的1/4。亦(yi)可(ke)采用0.8-1.5CA電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流值快(kuai)速(su)(su)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，快(kuai)速(su)(su)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間<1小(xiao)時(shi)，已(yi)突破了0.5小(xiao)時(shi)率。大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，高聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)膠(jiao)體(ti)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)無明(ming)顯的溫升，也不(bu)會影響電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解質(zhi)特性和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)壽命。高聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)膠(jiao)體(ti)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的快(kuai)速(su)(su)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)特性，對要求解決快(kuai)速(su)(su)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的行業有著(zhu)廣(guang)闊的應用前景。

　　3、大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)特性：與充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)相對(dui)應(ying)，蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)同樣是(shi)極其重要的技術指(zhi)標(biao)(biao)。某額定容量(liang)的蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池能(neng)(neng)(neng)用(yong)(yong)越短的時(shi)(shi)間放(fang)完電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，標(biao)(biao)志著其放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)性能(neng)(neng)(neng)越強。國(guo)內(nei)通訊(xun)用(yong)(yong)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)標(biao)(biao)準為10小時(shi)(shi)率，動力(li)用(yong)(yong)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池為5小時(shi)(shi)率。高(gao)(gao)聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)膠體蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池由于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解質(zhi)內(nei)阻極小，大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)特性良好，可普(pu)遍用(yong)(yong)0.6-0.8CA電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)值放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。動力(li)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池短時(shi)(shi)間放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)要求高(gao)(gao)達(da)15-30CA。經國(guo)家蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池質(zhi)量(liang)檢驗(yan)中心測(ce)試，高(gao)(gao)聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)膠體蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池2小時(shi)(shi)率的放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)達(da)到(dao)國(guo)際先進水平。

　　4、自放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)特(te)性：自放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)小，免維護(hu)性好，便(bian)于(yu)長時間保(bao)存。普通(tong)鉛酸蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池由(you)于(yu)自放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)因素，通(tong)常在20℃環(huan)境中(zhong)存放(fang)(fang)180天(tian)后，需(xu)要進行(xing)一次放(fang)(fang)/充電(dian)(dian)(dian)維護(hu)，否則可(ke)能損害(hai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的壽命。高聚(ju)能膠(jiao)體蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池由(you)于(yu)其內(nei)阻僅(jin)相當(dang)于(yu)鉛酸蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的十分之一，所以(yi)其自放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極小，又無記憶效應，常溫(wen)存放(fang)(fang)一年，容(rong)量(liang)仍能保(bao)持標稱容(rong)量(liang)的90%，這項指標居(ju)國際先(xian)進水平。

　　5、全(quan)充(chong)(chong)全(quan)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能力：高聚能膠(jiao)體蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池全(quan)充(chong)(chong)全(quan)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能力強。多次反(fan)復深度充(chong)(chong)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)甚至全(quan)充(chong)(chong)全(quan)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池影響很小，可取消或減低(di)(di)(di)10.5V(標(biao)稱電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓12V)的下(xia)限保護(hu)，這(zhe)對(dui)動力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池十(shi)分(fen)重要。鉛酸蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池在使(shi)用(yong)時通常(chang)設有10.5V低(di)(di)(di)壓保護(hu)裝(zhuang)置，低(di)(di)(di)于10.5V時不可繼續放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。這(zhe)不僅是(shi)因為其低(di)(di)(di)壓工作(zuo)特性(xing)差，更重要的是(shi)深度放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)會(hui)使(shi)極板受到損害(hai)。

　　6、自(zi)恢(hui)復能力強(qiang)：高聚能膠體蓄電池(chi)有較(jiao)強(qiang)的(de)自(zi)恢(hui)復能力，反彈容(rong)量大，恢(hui)復時(shi)間短，在放完電數分鐘(zhong)后可(ke)再使用，這對應(ying)急使用特別(bie)有利。

　　7、低(di)溫(wen)特性(xing)：高(gao)聚能膠體(ti)蓄電池(chi)(chi)在-50℃-+50℃環境可正常(chang)使用，而鉛酸蓄電池(chi)(chi)在低(di)于-18℃的環境下使用時(shi)容(rong)量驟(zou)降(jiang)。

　　8、使用壽命長：用作通訊電源使用壽命10年以上，用作動力電源時(shi)，深度循環充(chong)放電次(ci)數超過(guo)500次(ci)(國家標(biao)準為350次(ci))。

　　所以(yi)如(ru)果下次再購(gou)買電池出現猶(you)豫不(bu)決的(de)(de)(de)情況下，你(ni)就按(an)照上面的(de)(de)(de)情況進行比較，很(hen)快就可以(yi)選出適(shi)合(he)自己的(de)(de)(de)商品。真的(de)(de)(de)是省(sheng)時(shi)省(sheng)力(li)又省(sheng)心(xin)。

　　膠體：

　　優(you)點：電解液量大，不容易發(fa)生因熱失控而導致的膨脹(zhang);循環壽命(ming)和浮(fu)充壽命(ming)一般(ban)較好;

　　缺點：生產(chan)技術難度大(da)，成本高;

　　你(ni)說的鉛酸(suan)電池我默(mo)認為指的是AGM電池。因為膠體(ti)也是鉛酸(suan)啊。

　　AGM電池：

　　優(you)點：生產技(ji)術難度(du)低(di)，成本也低(di);充放電的性能較好;

　　缺點(dian)：可能發生熱失(shi)控，因為電(dian)解(jie)液太少;過充時(shi)的失(shi)水會導致電(dian)池壽命(ming)大大縮短;

　　膠(jiao)體(ti)(ti)電(dian)池是鉛酸(suan)蓄電(dian)池在(zai)硫酸(suan)中(zhong)添(tian)(tian)加(jia)膠(jiao)凝(ning)劑(ji)，使硫酸(suan)電(dian)液變為膠(jiao)態(tai)(tai)。與(yu)常規鉛酸(suan)電(dian)池的(de)區別(bie)不僅僅在(zai)于電(dian)液改(gai)為膠(jiao)凝(ning)狀(zhuang)。例如非(fei)凝(ning)固態(tai)(tai)的(de)水(shui)性(xing)膠(jiao)體(ti)(ti)，從電(dian)化學分類結構和特(te)(te)性(xing)看同屬(shu)膠(jiao)體(ti)(ti)電(dian)池。又如在(zai)板柵(zha)中(zhong)結附高分子(zi)材料(liao)，俗稱陶瓷(ci)板柵(zha)，亦(yi)可視(shi)作膠(jiao)體(ti)(ti)電(dian)池的(de)應用(yong)特(te)(te)色。近期已有(you)實驗(yan)室在(zai)極(ji)板配方中(zhong)添(tian)(tian)加(jia)一種靶向偶聯劑(ji)，大大提高了極(ji)板活性(xing)物質的(de)反應利用(yong)率，據非(fei)公開資料(liao)表明可達(da)到(dao)70wh/kg的(de)重量比能量水(shui)平。特(te)(te)點：

　　1：膠(jiao)體蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池的(de)內部主要是(shi)SiO2多(duo)孔網狀結構，存在大(da)量(liang)微小縫隙，能使電(dian)(dian)池正極(ji)產生的(de)氧順利的(de)遷移到負極(ji)極(ji)板上，便于負極(ji)吸收化合;2：膠(jiao)體蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池所帶酸量(liang)較(jiao)(jiao)大(da)，所以其(qi)容量(liang)與AGM蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池基(ji)本一(yi)致(zhi);3：膠(jiao)體蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池的(de)內阻較(jiao)(jiao)大(da)，一(yi)般不(bu)具備較(jiao)(jiao)好的(de)大(da)電(dian)(dian)流放電(dian)(dian)特性;4：熱(re)量(liang)易(yi)擴散(san)，不(bu)易(yi)升(sheng)溫，熱(re)失(shi)控幾率很小;

　　本成(cheng)分還是硫酸(suan)、水(shui)和二氧化(hua)硅形成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)凝(ning)膠.所以,其(qi)產生電化(hua)學作用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)還是水(shui)、硫酸(suan).其(qi)反應過程沒有多(duo)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)區別(bie),但是,在結(jie)構上的(de)(de)(de)變化(hua),可以帶(dai)來很(hen)多(duo)優(you)點(dian).具體還是請馬賽(sai)克(ke)網友(you)多(duo)介紹一(yi)些(xie).

　　中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)的膠(jiao)(jiao)體(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi),現(xian)在還都是采用AGM隔(ge)板(ban)的.早期,我(wo)寫東西也不(bu)得不(bu)把中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)的膠(jiao)(jiao)體(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)打(da)上引(yin)號,以(yi)示與德國(guo)(guo)膠(jiao)(jiao)體(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)以(yi)區(qu)別.后來(lai)寫多了(le),也忽略了(le).中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)除了(le)叫做膠(jiao)(jiao)體(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)以(yi)外,還有(you)很多五花(hua)八門的稱呼方(fang)法.如(ru):“鉛晶電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)”、“固體(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)”、“硅能電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)”、“矽能電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)”......

　　馬賽克網(wang)友說的國內的膠體電(dian)池(chi),在灌(guan)膠的時候,灌(guan)了(le)一半(ban)(ban)的也有(you),他們自稱為“半(ban)(ban)膠體電(dian)池(chi)”,下部還有(you)普通(tong)的電(dian)解液,上部是膠體.

　　膠體電池的優點就在于循(xun)環壽命好、耐過放(fang)(fang)電、可(ke)以長(chang)期(qi)不充足電又進行放(fang)(fang)電(AGM電池這樣使用(yong)很(hen)容易發生硫化失(shi)效)、高低溫(wen)性(xing)能也比AGM好些(xie).

　　說白(bai)了就是耐濫(lan)用(yong)一些.

　　我說(shuo)的這種平版涂(tu)膏極板(ban)的膠體電池國內制造商(shang)很少,除了(le)我們海(hai)志,雙登的產量也不小,其(qi)他(ta)就沒什(shen)么大(da)廠(chang)了(le).

　　這類膠體電(dian)池成(cheng)本明顯要比普通電(dian)池高(gao),一般都是行(xing)業用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)才用(yong)(yong)的(de)起.

　　膠(jiao)體鉛酸蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)是對液(ye)態電(dian)(dian)解質的(de)普通鉛酸蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)改(gai)進(jin)，用膠(jiao)體電(dian)(dian)解液(ye)代換了硫酸電(dian)(dian)解液(ye)，在安全(quan)性、蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)量、放(fang)電(dian)(dian)性能和使用壽命等方面較普通電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)有所改(gai)善。

　　膠(jiao)體鉛酸蓄電(dian)池采用凝膠(jiao)狀電(dian)解質，內部(bu)無游(you)離液體存在(zai)(zai)，在(zai)(zai)同等體積下電(dian)解質容量(liang)大，熱容量(liang)大，熱消(xiao)散能力強(qiang)，能避(bi)免一般(ban)蓄電(dian)池易(yi)產生熱失控現象;電(dian)解質濃(nong)度低，對極板的腐蝕作用弱;濃(nong)度均勻，不存在(zai)(zai)電(dian)解液分層現象。

　　膠(jiao)體鉛(qian)酸(suan)蓄(xu)電池的(de)(de)性(xing)能(neng)優(you)于閥控密封鉛(qian)酸(suan)蓄(xu)電池，膠(jiao)體鉛(qian)酸(suan)蓄(xu)電池具有使用(yong)性(xing)能(neng)穩定，可靠性(xing)高，使用(yong)壽(shou)命長(chang)，對環境溫度(du)的(de)(de)適應(ying)能(neng)力(高、低(di)溫)強(qiang)，承受長(chang)時間(jian)放電能(neng)力、循(xun)環放電能(neng)力、深度(du)放電及大電流放電能(neng)力強(qiang)，有過充電及過放電自我保護等優(you)點。

　　用于電動(dong)自行車的國產膠(jiao)(jiao)體(ti)鉛酸(suan)蓄(xu)電池(chi)(chi)是(shi)在AGM隔(ge)板中(zhong)通過(guo)真空灌注，把硅膠(jiao)(jiao)和硫酸(suan)溶液(ye)灌到(dao)蓄(xu)電池(chi)(chi)正、負極板之(zhi)間。膠(jiao)(jiao)體(ti)鉛酸(suan)蓄(xu)電池(chi)(chi)在使用初(chu)期(qi)無法(fa)(fa)進行氧(yang)循環，這是(shi)因為膠(jiao)(jiao)體(ti)把正、負極板都(dou)包(bao)圍起來了，正極板上面產生的氧(yang)氣無法(fa)(fa)擴散到(dao)負極板，無法(fa)(fa)實現與(yu)負極板上的活性物質鉛還原，只能由排氣閥排出，與(yu)富(fu)液(ye)式蓄(xu)電池(chi)(chi)一致(zhi)。

　　膠(jiao)體(ti)(ti)鉛酸蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池使用一(yi)段時間后(hou)膠(jiao)體(ti)(ti)開始(shi)干裂(lie)和(he)收縮，產生裂(lie)縫(feng)，氧氣通過(guo)(guo)裂(lie)縫(feng)直接到負極板進行氧循環。排氣閥(fa)就不再(zai)經常開啟，膠(jiao)體(ti)(ti)鉛酸蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池接近于密(mi)封工(gong)作，失(shi)水(shui)很少。所(suo)以針對電(dian)(dian)動自行車(che)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池主(zhu)要失(shi)效(xiao)是(shi)失(shi)水(shui)機理，采(cai)用膠(jiao)體(ti)(ti)鉛酸蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池可獲(huo)得非常好的效(xiao)果。膠(jiao)體(ti)(ti)電(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)質是(shi)通過(guo)(guo)在電(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)液中加(jia)(jia)入(ru)凝(ning)膠(jiao)劑將(jiang)硫酸電(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)液凝(ning)固成膠(jiao)狀物(wu)質，通常膠(jiao)體(ti)(ti)電(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)液中還(huan)加(jia)(jia)有膠(jiao)體(ti)(ti)穩定(ding)劑和(he)增容劑，有些膠(jiao)體(ti)(ti)配方中還(huan)加(jia)(jia)有延緩膠(jiao)體(ti)(ti)凝(ning)固和(he)延緩劑，以便于膠(jiao)體(ti)(ti)加(jia)(jia)注(zhu)。