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蓄電池(chi)的(de)容量(liang)(liang)問題是使用者(zhe)非(fei)常關心的(de)問題，商家(jia)說一個(ge)電池(chi)的(de)容量(liang)(liang)的(de)多少到(dao)底可靠不?今(jin)天鋰電池(chi)廠家(jia)跟大家(jia)一起來剖析蓄電池(chi)容量(liang)(liang)的(de)測試(shi)方法(fa)，我們自己可以來測試(shi)蓄電池(chi)的(de)容量(liang)(liang)：

　　蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)自(zi)行(xing)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和極板逐漸硫化是(shi)(shi)(shi)鉛(qian)酸(suan)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)不(bu)可避免的(de)"漸生(sheng)故(gu)障",只是(shi)(shi)(shi)隨著對產品材料和工藝日趨嚴格(ge)的(de)要(yao)求，如變(bian)鉛(qian)銻(ti)合金(jin)為鉛(qian)鈣合金(jin)，又逐步變(bian)為"全程免維(wei)護(hu)"而(er)已。有些人習慣僅(jin)使用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)表(biao)或萬用表(biao)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)檔(dang)不(bu)加負(fu)載(zai)(zai)來檢查蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)存電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)充足(zu)，這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)很不(bu)可靠的(de)。因為即(ji)使是(shi)(shi)(shi)啟(qi)動(dong)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)終了的(de)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，只要(yao)一旦停止(zhi)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)正負(fu)極板和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液之間(jian)馬上就能夠達到開路電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)--電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)勢(shi)，馬上就能恢(hui)復它們之間(jian)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位差(cha)，每單格(ge)約2.1V,整個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)約12.6V以(yi)(yi)上。單單測量電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)時，消(xiao)耗電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流極少，故(gu)而(er)不(bu)會在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)內部(bu)產生(sheng)大的(de)壓(ya)降，所以(yi)(yi)顯示電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)并不(bu)低，但若加上相當的(de)負(fu)載(zai)(zai)，如前照燈(deng)(10~15A)、喇叭(6~12A)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶便(bian)會使燈(deng)光暗淡、喇叭沙啞，從而(er)顯示出(chu)存電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不(bu)足(zu)。

　　當(dang)電解液液面過低時，兩只小球都將(jiang)下落(luo)到極(ji)限位置，此時觀測(ce)(ce)孔上呈(cheng)"外(wai)紅內無色"(中心(xin)呈(cheng)無色透(tou)明(ming)圓點，周圍是紅色圓環)，表(biao)示電解液不(bu)足，說明(ming)蓄(xu)電池(chi)不(bu)能繼續使用，必須更換(huan)。如(ru)果這種檢測(ce)(ce)栓裝在干荷蓄(xu)電池(chi)上，則(ze)表(biao)示必須添加蒸餾水。英文說明(ming)標示為"Adddistilledwater".

　　蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)是(shi)(shi)一種(zhong)易損耗(hao)的(de)大(da)型零部(bu)件，其壽(shou)(shou)命長(chang)的(de)可達3~4年，短(duan)(duan)的(de)1~2年，而(er)且越(yue)是(shi)(shi)經(jing)常行(xing)駛的(de)汽(qi)車(尤其是(shi)(shi)長(chang)途(tu)使(shi)用)，蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)壽(shou)(shou)命越(yue)長(chang);越(yue)是(shi)(shi)經(jing)常停放(fang)的(de)汽(qi)車或公共(gong)汽(qi)車，經(jing)常放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)卻又充電(dian)(dian)(dian)不足，蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)壽(shou)(shou)命反而(er)更短(duan)(duan)。

　　蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)工作原理：充電(dian)(dian)(dian)時利用外(wai)部(bu)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)使內部(bu)活(huo)性(xing)物質(zhi)再生(sheng)，把電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)儲(chu)存(cun)為化學能(neng)(neng)，需要(yao)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)時再次(ci)把化學能(neng)(neng)轉換(huan)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)輸出(chu)。當蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)不足，電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液(ye)密度(du)過(guo)低(di)時，藍色小球下沉到極(ji)限位置，則觀察孔呈現"內紅外(wai)無色"(中心呈紅色圓(yuan)點，周圍是無色透明圓(yuan)環)，表示蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)虧電(dian)(dian)(dian)嚴重(zhong)，必須立即充電(dian)(dian)(dian)，英(ying)文(wen)說明標為"chargingnecessary".

　　蓄電池日常維護方法解(jie)析：

　　一、測量浮充(chong)電壓(ya)法

　　二、容量測量法

　　三、內阻或(huo)電導(dao)測(ce)試法

　　四、傳統的(de)離(li)線(xian)容量(liang)測(ce)試法

　　此種(zhong)檢測方法(fa)測量電池的容(rong)量數值準確，能(neng)夠清(qing)晰(xi)的判(pan)別電池是否為(wei)失效電池。但此種(zhong)方法(fa)存在下列缺陷：

　　1、電池須(xu)脫離(li)系統，若(ruo)這期間市電突然(ran)中斷(duan)，另(ling)一(yi)組(zu)電池能否(fou)獨撐?增加系統癱瘓風險。

　　2、笨重的電(dian)熱絲(si)需要多(duo)人(ren)搬運，且至少須一(yi)人(ren)測量一(yi)人(ren)記錄數據。

　　3、個別電(dian)(dian)(dian)池端電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)可(ke)能在兩次(ci)測量(liang)間(jian)隔(ge)期間(jian)突(tu)然降至(zhi)截(jie)止電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)以(yi)下，造成過度放電(dian)(dian)(dian)，如圖三所(suo)示。工(gong)作量(liang)過大，難于(yu)全面進行。

　　4、整(zheng)組電(dian)池(chi)須花(hua)費二(er)十(shi)幾小時(shi)充電(dian)，有時(shi)需離(li)線之整(zheng)流器(qi)，且易造成某幾個電(dian)池(chi)過充。

　　5、須消耗大量之電能與熱(re)能。

　　五、傳統的在線容量測試法