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　　轎車用(yong)的(de)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)使用(yong)超過(guo)2年后，容量及(ji)放電(dian)(dian)能力將(jiang)會下降。一般車用(yong)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)壽命不會超過(guo)4年。當(dang)然(ran)了，保(bao)養(yang)良好的(de)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)壽命會更(geng)長。下面我們來(lai)學習一下加水型(xing)鉛酸電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)和免(mian)維(wei)護型(xing)鉛酸電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)保(bao)養(yang)方法。

　　加水型鉛酸蓄電池：注重電池液液位及(ji)電池液密度。

　　鉛酸(suan)(suan)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)液(ye)(ye)是由硫(liu)(liu)酸(suan)(suan)和蒸餾水混合而(er)(er)(er)成(cheng)的(de)。電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)放電(dian)(dian)時，水會(hui)(hui)變(bian)(bian)多而(er)(er)(er)硫(liu)(liu)酸(suan)(suan)會(hui)(hui)變(bian)(bian)少(shao)，這就導致電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)液(ye)(ye)密(mi)度降低；充電(dian)(dian)時，則(ze)(ze)相反，水會(hui)(hui)變(bian)(bian)少(shao)而(er)(er)(er)硫(liu)(liu)酸(suan)(suan)會(hui)(hui)變(bian)(bian)多。電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)液(ye)(ye)濃度則(ze)(ze)反映(ying)了電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)液(ye)(ye)中水和硫(liu)(liu)酸(suan)(suan)的(de)比例。正常的(de)電(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)(ye)密(mi)度為(wei)1.28（夏(xia)天）/1.29-1.30（冬天）（單位為(wei)克每立方厘米）。

　　作為車主，我(wo)(wo)們(men)應該(gai)定期檢(jian)查(cha)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)液液位。當(dang)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)液不足時應添加(jia)蒸(zheng)餾(liu)水至適當(dang)液位。在為電(dian)(dian)池(chi)添加(jia)蒸(zheng)餾(liu)水后(hou)，我(wo)(wo)們(men)應該(gai)檢(jian)查(cha)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)液密(mi)度，時刻保(bao)持電(dian)(dian)池(chi)液密(mi)度在合(he)理的范圍內。

　　免維護型鉛酸蓄電(dian)池：定期(qi)檢查魔眼(yan)并(bing)保持電(dian)量充(chong)足。

　　由于免(mian)維護型電(dian)(dian)池(chi)沒有加水孔(kong)以(yi)及電(dian)(dian)池(chi)液(ye)液(ye)位刻度(du)。我(wo)們需(xu)(xu)通(tong)過電(dian)(dian)池(chi)上(shang)的“魔(mo)(mo)眼”來(lai)判(pan)斷(duan)蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的狀態。魔(mo)(mo)眼為(wei)綠(lv)色(se)表(biao)示(shi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)正(zheng)常，充電(dian)(dian)足；魔(mo)(mo)眼為(wei)黑色(se)表(biao)示(shi)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)充電(dian)(dian)；魔(mo)(mo)眼為(wei)白色(se)表(biao)示(shi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)更換。

　　放電能力需(xu)要使用(yong)專用(yong)的電池檢測儀檢測。

　　我們一(yi)般會使(shi)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓表來(lai)檢(jian)查(cha)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，雖然能(neng)(neng)檢(jian)測出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓值但卻不能(neng)(neng)檢(jian)查(cha)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)帶負載能(neng)(neng)力(li)的好壞。為檢(jian)查(cha)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的實際狀況，我們應(ying)該(gai)使(shi)用專用的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)檢(jian)測儀檢(jian)查(cha)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)力(li)及(ji)帶負載的能(neng)(neng)力(li)。

　　微弱電流不能忽視

　　鎖車(che)(che)后，車(che)(che)輛(liang)防(fang)盜系統開始工作，會從(cong)電(dian)(dian)池獲取微弱的(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)，所以長時(shi)(shi)間(jian)不(bu)用車(che)(che)也(ye)會導致(zhi)電(dian)(dian)池缺電(dian)(dian)。如(ru)發現車(che)(che)輛(liang)靜(jing)止(zhi)一(yi)段短時(shi)(shi)間(jian)就缺電(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)，除了要檢(jian)查(cha)電(dian)(dian)池情況，還要檢(jian)查(cha)車(che)(che)輛(liang)靜(jing)置時(shi)(shi)的(de)微弱電(dian)(dian)流(liu)是(shi)否(fou)過大(da)。車(che)(che)輛(liang)靜(jing)置微弱電(dian)(dian)流(liu)過大(da)很可能是(shi)因為車(che)(che)內(nei)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)線路部分搭(da)鐵(tie)造(zao)成，如(ru)不(bu)及(ji)早(zao)處理將引(yin)致(zhi)安全隱患，與(yu)此同時(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)池長時(shi)(shi)間(jian)過度放電(dian)(dian)也(ye)會使其壽命(ming)縮短。汽車(che)(che)維修行業一(yi)般(ban)采用鉗形電(dian)(dian)流(liu)表來檢(jian)測車(che)(che)輛(liang)靜(jing)置時(shi)(shi)的(de)微弱電(dian)(dian)流(liu)。

　　蓄電(dian)池結冰怎(zen)么辦？

　　既然蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)里(li)面的電(dian)池(chi)液是水和(he)硫酸(suan)，那么(me)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)在低溫下很可(ke)能就會(hui)結冰(bing)(bing)。遇上蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)結冰(bing)(bing)，作為車主應(ying)該怎么(me)辦(ban)？

　　首(shou)先(xian)(xian)我(wo)們(men)(men)先(xian)(xian)不(bu)研究蓄電(dian)池(chi)的電(dian)池(chi)液究竟會不(bu)會結(jie)冰，我(wo)們(men)(men)先(xian)(xian)來看看電(dian)池(chi)結(jie)冰后我(wo)們(men)(men)應該怎么辦(ban)？

　　電池(chi)(chi)結冰后(hou)，我們(men)的車輛將無(wu)法啟動。我們(men)應該把電池(chi)(chi)從汽(qi)車上拆(chai)下(xia)來，然(ran)后(hou)搬到室內有暖氣的地方讓電池(chi)(chi)液融化后(hou)再裝(zhuang)到車上使用。當然(ran)，晚上把蓄電池(chi)(chi)拆(chai)下(xia)來帶到屋內暖和(he)的地方保存就可以避免電池(chi)(chi)結冰情況(kuang)的發生了。