精品无码人妻一区二区免费蜜桃_性色AV无码久久一区二区三区_无人在线视频高清免费观看_亚洲v无码一区二区三区四区观看

蓄電池的檢查和維護

　　蓄電池的維護(hu)工(gong)作必不(bu)可少，無論(lun)是(shi)人工(gong)操作維護(hu)，還是(shi)自動監控(kong)管理，都是(shi)為了及時檢(jian)(jian)測出個(ge)別電池的異常故(gu)障或影(ying)響電池充放電性(xing)能的設備系統(tong)故(gu)障，積極(ji)采取(qu)糾正措施，確保電源(yuan)系統(tong)穩定可靠(kao)地運行。蓄電池的檢(jian)(jian)查維護(hu)分為日常維護(hu)、季度維護(hu)和年度維護(hu)。

1日常維護

1

保證電池表面清潔干燥；

2

經常(chang)注意電(dian)池(chi)系統的環(huan)境溫度及電(dian)池(chi)外觀的變化；

3

經常檢查蓄電池在(zai)線浮(fu)充電壓和電池組(zu)浮(fu)充電壓（終端總電壓），并與面板顯示對照，必要時加(jia)以校正；

4

保證電(dian)池柜或電(dian)池室的清潔，通風或者照明良好。

2季度維護

1

目測檢查電(dian)池外(wai)(wai)(wai)表(biao)面(mian)的(de)清潔度，外(wai)(wai)(wai)殼(ke)和蓋的(de)完好情況，電(dian)池外(wai)(wai)(wai)觀(guan)有無(wu)鼓包變形等變化，電(dian)池有無(wu)過(guo)熱痕跡；

2

每季度(du)(du)(du)在電池系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)的統(tong)(tong)(tong)一檢測(ce)點，檢測(ce)記錄蓄電池系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)的環境溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)和可代表系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)的平(ping)均溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)，當溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)低(di)于或(huo)高于25℃時，應調節溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)控制系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)，如沒(mei)有(you)安裝溫(wen)控系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)，應對(dui)浮充電壓進(jin)行調整；

3

在電池端測量并記錄浮充總電壓，與面板(ban)電表(biao)顯示值對照，如有差(cha)異(yi)及(ji)時查找原因(yin)加(jia)以糾正；

4

測量并記錄系(xi)統中每只電池的(de)浮充(chong)電壓，正常情況(kuang)下應該在(zai)一(yi)定范圍內波動，如發現異常，找出原(yuan)因加以糾正；

5

做恢復(fu)性放電(dian)(dian)試驗，用假負(fu)載或實(shi)際負(fu)載放電(dian)(dian)，即切斷(duan)供電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)源，用蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)供電(dian)(dian)。發(fa)現個別電(dian)(dian)池(chi)容量(liang)偏低(di)后，將電(dian)(dian)池(chi)均衡(heng)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)，經均衡(heng)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)后仍不能恢復(fu)容量(liang)的，要將容量(liang)過低(di)的電(dian)(dian)池(chi)換掉(diao)。

3年度維護

1

重復季度維(wei)護所有(you)內容；

2

檢查所有電池間的連接點(dian)并確保(bao)連接緊固可(ke)靠(kao)；

3

隨意抽取幾只電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)進行內阻(zu)測(ce)試(shi)，由于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)內阻(zu)與(yu)其(qi)容量無線性關系，因此(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)內阻(zu)不能用來直(zhi)接表示(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)準(zhun)確容量，但電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)內阻(zu)可(ke)作為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)"健(jian)康"狀(zhuang)態好(hao)壞(huai)的(de)指示(shi)信號。

影響蓄電池(chi)壽命的幾(ji)個因素

1

深度放電

　　放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)深度(du)對蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的循環壽(shou)命影響(xiang)很大(da)(da)，蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)如果經常(chang)深度(du)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，循環壽(shou)命將(jiang)(jiang)縮短。因(yin)為(wei)同一額定容量的蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)深度(du)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)就意(yi)味(wei)著經常(chang)采用大(da)(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)和放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，在大(da)(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時或經常(chang)處于欠(qian)壓狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態又不能及時進行(xing)再充電(dian)(dian)(dian)，產(chan)生的硫酸鹽顆粒大(da)(da)，極板活性物質不能被(bei)充分(fen)利用，長期下(xia)去蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的實際容量將(jiang)(jiang)逐(zhu)漸減小，影響(xiang)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的正常(chang)工作。由于太陽能光伏發電(dian)(dian)(dian)系統一般不太容易產(chan)生過充電(dian)(dian)(dian)的情況，所以(yi)長期處于虧電(dian)(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態是太陽能光伏系統中蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)失效和壽(shou)命縮短的主要原因(yin)。

2

放電速率

　　一般(ban)規定(ding)20小(xiao)(xiao)時放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)率(lv)的(de)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)為(wei)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)額定(ding)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)。若(ruo)使(shi)(shi)用低于規定(ding)小(xiao)(xiao)時的(de)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)率(lv)，則可得到高于額定(ding)值(zhi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)；若(ruo)使(shi)(shi)用高于規定(ding)小(xiao)(xiao)時的(de)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)率(lv)，所放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)出的(de)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)要比蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)額定(ding)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)小(xiao)(xiao)，同時放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)速(su)率(lv)也影響蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓值(zhi)。蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)在(zai)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化學反應電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流優先(xian)分(fen)(fen)布在(zai)離主體溶液最(zui)近的(de)表(biao)面上(shang)，導致在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極表(biao)面形成(cheng)硫酸(suan)鉛(qian)而堵住多(duo)孔電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極內部。在(zai)大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，上(shang)述問(wen)題更加突(tu)出，所以放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流變大，蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)給出的(de)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)也就越小(xiao)(xiao)，端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓值(zhi)下降速(su)度加快(kuai)，即放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)終止(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓值(zhi)隨著放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)增(zeng)(zeng)大而降低。但(dan)另一方面，也并非(fei)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)速(su)率(lv)越低越好(hao)，有研究表(biao)明長期太小(xiao)(xiao)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)速(su)率(lv)會因硫酸(suan)鉛(qian)分(fen)(fen)子生成(cheng)量(liang)顯著地增(zeng)(zeng)加，產生應力造成(cheng)極板(ban)彎(wan)曲和活(huo)性物質(zhi)脫落，也會降低蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)使(shi)(shi)用壽命。

3

外界溫度過高

　　蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)額定(ding)(ding)容(rong)量是指(zhi)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池在(zai)(zai)(zai)25℃時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)數值，一般認為(wei)閥控密封式鉛酸蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)工作溫(wen)(wen)度(du)在(zai)(zai)(zai)20~30℃范圍(wei)內(nei)工作較為(wei)理想。當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池溫(wen)(wen)度(du)過低(di)時(shi)，表現為(wei)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池容(rong)量減小，因為(wei)在(zai)(zai)(zai)低(di)溫(wen)(wen)條件(jian)下(xia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液不(bu)能(neng)(neng)很好(hao)地與極板的(de)(de)(de)活性物質充分(fen)反應。容(rong)量減少將不(bu)能(neng)(neng)滿足預期的(de)(de)(de)后備使用時(shi)間和(he)保持在(zai)(zai)(zai)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)深(shen)度(du)內(nei)，很容(rong)易造(zao)成(cheng)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)過放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。從蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)外部參數來(lai)(lai)看，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)與溫(wen)(wen)度(du)有(you)(you)很大關(guan)系，溫(wen)(wen)度(du)每(mei)升高1℃，單格電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)降下(xia)降3mV。也就是說，鉛酸蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)具(ju)有(you)(you)負溫(wen)(wen)度(du)系數，其值為(wei)-3mV/℃。同樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)道理，環境溫(wen)(wen)度(du)升高容(rong)易造(zao)成(cheng)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池過放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。高溫(wen)(wen)還(huan)會帶來(lai)(lai)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池失(shi)水、熱(re)失(shi)控現象(xiang)。溫(wen)(wen)度(du)是影響蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池正常(chang)工作的(de)(de)(de)一個(ge)主要因素，在(zai)(zai)(zai)太陽能(neng)(neng)光伏系統中，一般都要求控制器具(ju)有(you)(you)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)補償功能(neng)(neng)。

4

局部放電

5

高溫存儲

（注：文章來(lai)源UPS應用(yong)網）