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    一、UPS在有線電視系統(tong)中的(de)應(ying)用

    由(you)于現(xian)有(you)電(dian)力(li)易(yi)產生諸如(ru)(ru)斷(duan)電(dian)、電(dian)壓波(bo)動、突波(bo)、雜波(bo)干擾、頻率偏移及閃跳等現(xian)象，另外，意外的自(zi)然災害或(huo)人為事故如(ru)(ru)地(di)震、雷(lei)擊、輸變(bian)電(dian)系(xi)統斷(duan)路或(huo)短路等，這些來自(zi)電(dian)源的故障(zhang)，將會對有(you)線(xian)電(dian)視系(xi)統造成諸多不良(liang)影(ying)響，甚至將直接導致有(you)線(xian)電(dian)視系(xi)統服(fu)務中(zhong)斷(duan)。因此不間斷(duan)電(dian)源系(xi)統越來越多地(di)應用到CATV前(qian)端(duan)機房、千(qian)線(xian)供(gong)電(dian)系(xi)統等地(di)方。

    1．前端(duan)機房(fang)配置UPS

    前(qian)端(duan)(duan)機(ji)(ji)房(fang)(fang)是有(you)(you)線(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)視系統(tong)的(de)(de)心勝，為(wei)了保證其工作穩定，一(yi)般(ban)選擇三相輸人單相輸出型。額定功率一(yi)般(ban)為(wei)l OkVA的(de)(de)在線(xian)(xian)式UPS，它采用近(jin)年(nian)來推(tui)出的(de)(de)新翼器(qi)件(jian)IGBT模塊等，其外接蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組可以按需自主(zhu)增減，為(wei)UPS的(de)(de)長延時奠(dian)定了硬件(jian)基(ji)礎。這種UPS的(de)(de)顯示電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路可以準確反映設備(bei)的(de)(de)運(yun)行狀態及相關數據(ju)，同時具有(you)(you)強大自診斷(duan)(duan)功能，能為(wei)衛(wei)星接收機(ji)(ji)組、調制器(qi)組、光(guang)發射機(ji)(ji)組、網絡交換(huan)器(qi)等前(qian)端(duan)(duan)設備(bei)提供不間斷(duan)(duan)的(de)(de)、高純凈度的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)。我(wo)縣(xian)前(qian)端(duan)(duan)機(ji)(ji)房(fang)(fang)霍沒有(you)(you)接UPS前(qian)，每當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)視臺(tai)處跳閘(zha)停(ting)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，干(gan)線(xian)(xian)放大器(qi)的(de)(de)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)及前(qian)端(duan)(duan)信(xin)號便中斷(duan)(duan)。即使市縣(xian)光(guang)纜傳送的(de)(de)幾套節目有(you)(you)附帶蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)保障，也因(yin)為(wei)機(ji)(ji)房(fang)(fang)內調制器(qi)等設備(bei)斷(duan)(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導致節目中斷(duan)(duan)，未停(ting)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)區域的(de)(de)CATV用戶(hu)還是收不到有(you)(you)線(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)視節目，用戶(hu)非常不滿(man)。自從前(qian)端(duan)(duan)機(ji)(ji)房(fang)(fang)配置UPS后，即使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)視臺(tai)處停(ting)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，有(you)(you)線(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)視節目仍能正常傳送，由此提高了用戶(hu)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)視臺(tai)的(de)(de)滿(man)意度。

    在一些開展了多功能交互業(ye)務(wu)的(de)城市，對前端機房的(de)電源系(xi)統的(de)可(ke)靠(kao)性(xing)要求更高(gao)，一般可(ke)以(yi)采用熱備(bei)份連接或UPS并聯冗余連接。并聯連接的(de)UPS系(xi)統不但(dan)提高(gao)了可(ke)靠(kao)性(xing)，而且也提高(gao)了帶載能力。

    2.野外有(you)(you)線電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)視(shi)不(bu)(bu)間(jian)斷(duan)(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源《Cable UPS)有(you)(you)線網(wang)絡(luo)(luo)中(zhong)不(bu)(bu)少有(you)(you)源設備(bei)地處(chu)野外，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)(de)波動及日夜溫(wen)差較(jiao)大(da)，易使(shi)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器、光接收機、放大(da)器等設備(bei)損壞，從(cong)而造(zao)(zao)成網(wang)絡(luo)(luo)中(zhong)斷(duan)(duan)及設備(bei)維(wei)修費(fei)用(yong)的(de)(de)增加。據統(tong)計，造(zao)(zao)成CATV設備(bei)損壞的(de)(de)原因(yin)(yin)中(zhong)有(you)(you)45%0左(zuo)右歸罪于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源故障的(de)(de)發生。因(yin)(yin)此，為這些設備(bei)提供(gong)高(gao)質量、不(bu)(bu)間(jian)斷(duan)(duan)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源尤為重要。近年來野外不(bu)(bu)間(jian)斷(duan)(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源逐步得到了廣(guang)泛(fan)的(de)(de)應用(yong)。這種(zhong)被稱為有(you)(you)線電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)視(shi)不(bu)(bu)間(jian)斷(duan)(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(Cable UPS)的(de)(de)最(zui)大(da)特點是耐高(gao)溫(wen)、潮濕、寒冷、風沙等不(bu)(bu)同的(de)(de)惡劣環(huan)境，因(yin)(yin)此Cable UPS成為保(bao)證信(xin)號不(bu)(bu)中(zhong)斷(duan)(duan)的(de)(de)必要設施。Cable UPS與傳統(tong)UPS最(zui)大(da)的(de)(de)區別就在于(yu)選用(yong)了膠(jiao)體蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池作(zuo)(zuo)為后備(bei)能源，無需作(zuo)(zuo)定期充放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)維(wei)護(hu)。

    二、UPS的科學使用

    1.UPS額(e)定(ding)輸出容量的選(xuan)擇

    在(zai)確(que)定(ding)UPS的(de)(de)(de)額定(ding)輸(shu)出容量(liang)(liang)前，先(xian)要(yao)計(ji)算出負(fu)(fu)載(zai)的(de)(de)(de)總容量(liang)(liang)。有(you)線電視系統一(yi)般選(xuan)擇在(zai)線式UPS，其最(zui)佳帶載(zai)量(liang)(liang)應控制為其額定(ding)容量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)60%-70%之間。例如(ru)我縣前端(duan)機房(fang)需要(yao)不間斷供電的(de)(de)(de)設(she)備(bei)有(you)衛星接收(shou)機組、調(diao)制器(qi)(qi)(qi)組、光發射機組、集中供電器(qi)(qi)(qi)、網絡交(jiao)換器(qi)(qi)(qi)等，經計(ji)算總功(gong)率(lv)(lv)為5500VA，則5500VA- 70%a“7857VAo考慮網絡升級，需有(you)一(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)擴充余地，于是我們按主機功(gong)率(lv)(lv)為lOkVA，即選(xuan)擇一(yi)部IOkVA的(de)(de)(de)UPS，它的(de)(de)(de)最(zui)佳負(fu)(fu)載(zai)量(liang)(liang)是6kVA -7kVA（不宜滿載(zai)也不宜過度輕(qing)載(zai)）。確(que)定(ding)主機功(gong)率(lv)(lv)后，還要(yao)合(he)理(li)選(xuan)擇輸(shu)人、輸(shu)出配線及空氣開關。

    2.蓄(xu)電(dian)池的(de)工作時間計算

    可以按(an)下面(mian)的公(gong)術來確定(ding)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的工作時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間：滿載(zai)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)他的工作時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間＝（蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組容(rong)(rong)量x電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓）l（主(zhu)機功率(lv)x0.7 )，其中(zhong)0.7為功率(lv)因子。如我縣前端機房的UPS系(xi)統(tong)：主(zhu)機額定(ding)功率(lv)為IOkVA、兩組電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)（每組20節(jie)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓為12V/節(jie)、容(rong)(rong)量為100 Ah）并聯(lian)使用。即(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓為12Vx20=240 V，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組容(rong)(rong)量為100Ahx2=200 Ah。算出該(gai)系(xi)統(tong)在斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的工作時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間為：（200A-1ix240V）／（lOkVAx0.7）6.86小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，這是(shi)按(an)系(xi)統(tong)滿載(zai)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)算的。而按(an)實(shi)際負載(zai)計算：（200 Ah x240V)/5500VA } 8.73小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，即(ji)UPS系(xi)統(tong)在斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)最多(duo)能堅持(chi)8.73小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。

    3.其他注(zhu)意事項(xiang)

    1)要選用過(guo)(guo)載(zai)能(neng)力強(qiang)的(de)(de)UPS.過(guo)(guo)載(zai)能(neng)力越(yue)強(qiang)，在啟(qi)動非線性負載(zai)時(shi)就(jiu)越(yue)不容(rong)易轉旁路，對負載(zai)的(de)(de)保護就(jiu)越(yue)可(ke)靠(kao)。即當輸出端有一般(ban)性的(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)載(zai)或啟(qi)動浪(lang)涌(yong)電(dian)(dian)流沖擊(ji)時(shi)，能(neng)依靠(kao)逆變器本身的(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)載(zai)能(neng)力來承(cheng)擔(dan)短時(shi)間的(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)載(zai)電(dian)(dian)流，提高UPS的(de)(de)可(ke)靠(kao)性。

    2)為了保(bao)證蓄(xu)電池(chi)能得到高效、充(chong)(chong)分利用(yong)(yong)，應選用(yong)(yong)具有恒流充(chong)(chong)電特(te)性的(de)充(chong)(chong)電器。

    3)由于感性負載（如電(dian)(dian)視(shi)屏幕墻(qiang)等）瞬(shun)間(jian)啟動電(dian)(dian)流大，盡(jin)量不要(yao)接到(dao)UPS上(shang)。停(ting)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)應盡(jin)量只保留必要(yao)的關鍵設備，因為電(dian)(dian)池供電(dian)(dian)時(shi)間(jian)的長(chang)短是與負載量的大小(xiao)密切相關的。

    三、UPS的(de)日常維護

    為提(ti)高(gao)有線電(dian)(dian)視系統(tong)的(de)(de)可靠(kao)性，除應正確選用(yong)UPS外，還要(yao)(yao)認(ren)真做好(hao)日(ri)常維護(hu)(hu)工作。技術的(de)(de)成熟使(shi)UPS 電(dian)(dian)氣部分的(de)(de)維護(hu)(hu)量(liang)極(ji)小，主要(yao)(yao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)維護(hu)(hu)。電(dian)(dian)池(chi)是(shi)(shi)(shi) UPS的(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)支柱(zhu)，也是(shi)(shi)(shi)UPS系統(tong)中較為薄弱的(de)(de)環節，在UPS的(de)(de)故障中有很大比(bi)例(li)是(shi)(shi)(shi)由于電(dian)(dian)池(chi)問(wen)題引起的(de)(de)。電(dian)(dian)池(chi)性能的(de)(de)好(hao)壞將直接影響(xiang)到UPS系統(tong)的(de)(de)可靠(kao)性。盡管使(shi)用(yong)的(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)免維護(hu)(hu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)，但一定(ding)的(de)(de)維護(hu)(hu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)相當必要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)。‘日(ri)常工作中除每日(ri)記(ji)錄UPS及充電(dian)(dian)器面板(ban)上(shang)的(de)(de)數據，還應注(zhu)意以下幾點：

    1.浮(fu)(fu)(fu)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)設置(zhi)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)壽命具(ju)有相當(dang)的(de)(de)影響。人為提高(gao)浮(fu)(fu)(fu)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)對蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池有害無益。實驗證明，蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)浮(fu)(fu)(fu)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)設置(zhi)偏高(gao)或偏低均會使其壽命顯著降低。浮(fu)(fu)(fu)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)過(guo)高(gao)，會引起電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池正極腐蝕，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液中(zhong)的(de)(de)水被大(da)量(liang)分(fen)解(jie)為氫(qing)和氧溢出(chu)，造成容(rong)量(liang)下(xia)降甚(shen)至損(sun)壞；浮(fu)(fu)(fu)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)過(guo)低，會使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不足和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極硫酸鹽(yan)化。浮(fu)(fu)(fu)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)應嚴格按廠家說明書(shu)來設定。定期在線測量(liang)各電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，當(dang)各單體電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池壓(ya)差過(guo)大(da)時(shi)，要進(jin)行(xing)均充。

    2.如果長時間不停電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，應每間隔3個月左(zuo)右關閉市電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，讓(rang)UPS電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池對負(fu)載放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)一次，以保證電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)活性。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池如果長期(qi)沒有(you)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，不僅會因硫(liu)化而降(jiang)低容(rong)量(liang)，還會造成UPS省池瞬(shun)間不能輸(shu)出(chu)足夠大(da)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)使負(fu)載掉電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。一般人為(wei)(wei)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)只需放(fang)(fang)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池組(zu)額(e)定容(rong)量(liang)的(de)(de) 30%-50％即可。在放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程中(zhong)應避(bi)免過大(da)或(huo)極(ji)小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓不得低干蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)終止電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，避(bi)免電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池深度放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。以實際負(fu)載計算則(ze)人為(wei)(wei)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間應控(kong)制(zhi)為(wei)(wei)：（30%-50％）x電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池組(zu)額(e)定容(rong)量(liang)：實際負(fu)載量(liang)。放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)期(qi)間要(yao)做好測試記(ji)錄(lu)，供日后比(bi)對。

    3.蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的壽命與日常維護及正確使用有相當大的關系，如我縣(xian)與鄰(lin)縣(xian)同時開通市(shi)縣(xian)光纜(lan)節目，所配置(zhi)的蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)也一樣。鄰(lin)縣(xian)不管停電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間(jian)(jian)長短均(jun)任其放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，導致(zhi)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)在短時間(jian)(jian)即徹底損壞。我縣(xian)機房對溫度、濕度嚴格控制，加之技術人(ren)員盡心維護，直到現在蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)仍運行(xing)良好。有一次由于(yu)停電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間(jian)(jian)長，一時疏忽造(zao)成(cheng)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)度，致(zhi)使復電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充不進電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)現象。技術人(ren)員慎重地將(jiang)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓慢慢提高著充，一段時間(jian)(jian)后(hou)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流終(zhong)于(yu)逐漸上升，這(zhe)時才將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓調至正常值(zhi)繼續充，直到充滿。