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蓄電池是UPS供電系(xi)統中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)一個(ge)重要(yao)組成部分(fen),其優劣直接關(guan)系(xi)到整(zheng)個(ge)UPS供電系(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)可靠程度，不管UPS設計(ji)的(de)(de)(de)多么(me)先(xian)進，功能多么(me)完備，一旦電池失(shi)效,再好的(de)(de)(de)UPS也無法提供不間斷供電。用戶千(qian)萬不要(yao)因(yin)貪(tan)圖便宜而選用劣質(zhi)電池,這樣會影(ying)響(xiang)整(zheng)個(ge)UPS系(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)可靠性,并能因(yin)此(ci)造(zao)成更大(da)的(de)(de)(de)損(sun)失(shi)。 　　

蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)是整個UPS供(gong)電(dian)系統中平均無故障時間(jian)(MTBF)最薄弱的(de)部分。如果能(neng)夠正確使(shi)用(yong)和維護,則能(neng)夠延長其使(shi)用(yong)壽命,反之會使(shi)其使(shi)用(yong)壽命會大(da)大(da)縮短(duan)。因此,要了(le)解蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)基本原(yuan)理(li)和使(shi)用(yong)注意事項。 　　

蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的種(zhong)類一般可分為鉛(qian)酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池、鉛(qian)酸免(mian)(mian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)護電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池及(ji)鎳鎘電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池等(deng),考(kao)慮到負載條件(jian)、使用環境(jing)、使用壽命及(ji)成本等(deng)因(yin)素,UPS一般選擇閥(fa)控式鉛(qian)酸免(mian)(mian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)護電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池。其主(zhu)要(yao)特點是在(zai)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)正極板上產生氧氣,通過(guo)再化合(he)反(fan)應在(zai)負極板上還原成水(shui),使用時(shi)在(zai)規(gui)定浮充壽命期內不必加水(shui)維(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)護,因(yin)此又(you)稱為免(mian)(mian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)護鉛(qian)酸蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池。免(mian)(mian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)護只是與普通蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池相比,使用過(guo)程中免(mian)(mian)去了添加純水(shui)或蒸餾水(shui),調(diao)整電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液(ye)液(ye)面的工作,并非(fei)免(mian)(mian)去一切維(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)護工作。相反(fan),為實現(xian)UPS的不間(jian)斷供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),要(yao)更加細致地維(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)護和保養好鉛(qian)酸免(mian)(mian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)護蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池。 　　

以下介紹一些(xie)影響(xiang)電池使用(yong)壽命(ming)的(de)主(zhu)要因素和使用(yong)過程中應(ying)注意的(de)事項: 　　

(1)環境(jing)(jing)(jing)溫(wen)度對電池的(de)影響較大,環境(jing)(jing)(jing)溫(wen)度過(guo)(guo)高,會(hui)(hui)使(shi)電池過(guo)(guo)充電產生氣體,環境(jing)(jing)(jing)溫(wen)度過(guo)(guo)低(di)(di),則會(hui)(hui)使(shi)電池充電不(bu)足,這都會(hui)(hui)響電池的(de)使(shi)用壽(shou)命。因此一(yi)般要求環境(jing)(jing)(jing)溫(wen)度在25℃左(zuo)右,UPS浮充電壓(ya)值也是(shi)按此溫(wen)度來設定(ding)的(de)。實際應(ying)用時,蓄電池一(yi)般在5℃～35℃范圍內進(jin)行充電,低(di)(di)于5℃或高于35℃都會(hui)(hui)大大降低(di)(di)電池的(de)容量(liang),縮(suo)短使(shi)用壽(shou)命。 　　

(2)放(fang)(fang)電深(shen)(shen)度(du)(du)對(dui)電池(chi)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)壽命的(de)影(ying)響(xiang)也非常大，電池(chi)放(fang)(fang)電深(shen)(shen)度(du)(du)越深(shen)(shen),其循環使(shi)(shi)用(yong)次數就越少,因(yin)此在使(shi)(shi)用(yong)時應(ying)避免深(shen)(shen)度(du)(du)放(fang)(fang)電。雖然UPS都有電池(chi)低電位保護功能(neng)，一般單節電池(chi)放(fang)(fang)電至(zhi)10.5V左右時，UPS就會自動關(guan)機，但是如果UPS處(chu)于輕載放(fang)(fang)電或空載放(fang)(fang)電的(de)情(qing)況下，也會造成電池(chi)的(de)深(shen)(shen)度(du)(du)放(fang)(fang)電。 　　

(3)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)在存(cun)放、運輸、安(an)裝過(guo)(guo)程中,會因自放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)而失(shi)去部分容量(liang)。因此,在安(an)裝后投入使(shi)用(yong)(yong)前,應(ying)根據電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的開(kai)路(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)判斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的剩余容量(liang),然后采用(yong)(yong)不(bu)同的方法對蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)進(jin)行補充(chong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。對備用(yong)(yong)擱置的蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，每3個月應(ying)進(jin)行一次補充(chong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。可以(yi)通過(guo)(guo)測(ce)量(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)開(kai)路(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)來判斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的好壞，以(yi)12V電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)為例，若開(kai)路(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)高(gao)于12.5V,則表示電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)儲能還有80%以(yi)上，若開(kai)路(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)低于12.5V，則應(ying)該立刻進(jin)行補充(chong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，若開(kai)路(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)低于12V，則表示電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)存(cun)儲電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能不(bu)到(dao)20%，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)不(bu)堪使(shi)用(yong)(yong)。 　　

(4)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充放電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)一(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)以(yi)C來表示,C的(de)實際值與電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)容量有關。例如100Ah的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi):C=100A。松下鉛(qian)酸免(mian)維護電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)最佳充電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)為0.1C左右,充電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)不能大(da)于0.3C。充電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)過大(da)或過小都(dou)會影(ying)響電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)使(shi)用壽命。放電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)一(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)要(yao)求(qiu)在0.05～3C之間,UPS在正常使(shi)用中都(dou)能滿足此要(yao)求(qiu),但也(ye)要(yao)防止意外情(qing)況的(de)發生,如電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)短(duan)路等。

(5)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya),由(you)于UPS電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)屬于備(bei)用(yong)(yong)工作方式(shi),市電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)正常情況下處(chu)于充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態,只有(you)停電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時才會放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。為延長電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)壽命, UPS的(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)一(yi)般采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)恒壓(ya)(ya)限流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方式(shi)控制,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)滿后即轉(zhuan)為浮(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)狀態,每節浮(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)設置(zhi)為13.6V左(zuo)右(you)。如果(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)過高就會使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)過充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),反之會使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不(bu)足。充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)異(yi)常,可能是由(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)配置(zhi)錯誤引起,或因(yin)(yin)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)故障造成,因(yin)(yin)此在安裝電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)時,一(yi)定要(yao)注(zhu)意電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)規格和數量的(de)(de)(de)(de)正確性,不(bu)同(tong)(tong)規格、不(bu)同(tong)(tong)批號的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)不(bu)要(yao)混用(yong)(yong)。外(wai)加(jia)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)不(bu)要(yao)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)劣質充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi),而且安裝時要(yao)考慮(lv)散熱問題。目(mu)前,為進一(yi)步提高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)壽命,先進的(de)(de)(de)(de)UPS都采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)一(yi)種(zhong)ABM(Advanced Battery Management)三(san)階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)智能化電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)管(guan)理方案,即充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)分成初始(shi)化充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、浮(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和休(xiu)息三(san)個階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan):第(di)一(yi)階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)是恒流(liu)均衡充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)容量充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)到90%;第(di)二階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)是浮(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)容量充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)到100%,然(ran)后停止充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian);第(di)三(san)階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)是自然(ran)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),在這個階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)里,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)利用(yong)(yong)自身的(de)(de)(de)(de)漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),一(yi)直到規定的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)下限,再重復上(shang)述的(de)(de)(de)(de)三(san)個階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)。這種(zhong)方式(shi)改(gai)變了以前那種(zhong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)滿電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后,仍使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)處(chu)于一(yi)天(tian)24h的(de)(de)(de)(de)浮(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)狀態,因(yin)(yin)此延長了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)壽命。 　　

(6)免(mian)維(wei)護電(dian)池(chi)(chi)由于采用(yong)吸收式電(dian)解液系(xi)統(tong),在(zai)正(zheng)常使用(yong)時(shi)不(bu)會(hui)產生(sheng)任何氣(qi)體,但是如(ru)果(guo)用(yong)戶使用(yong)不(bu)當,造成(cheng)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)過充電(dian),就會(hui)產生(sheng)氣(qi)體,此時(shi)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)內(nei)壓(ya)就會(hui)增大,會(hui)將電(dian)池(chi)(chi)上的壓(ya)力閥頂(ding)開,嚴重時(shi)會(hui)使電(dian)池(chi)(chi)爆裂。 　　

(7)UPS在運行過程(cheng)中(zhong),要注意(yi)監(jian)視蓄電(dian)池組(zu)的(de)端(duan)電(dian)壓值(zhi)(zhi)、浮充電(dian)流值(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)及(ji)每(mei)只蓄電(dian)池的(de)電(dian)壓值(zhi)(zhi)、蓄電(dian)池組(zu)及(ji)直流母線的(de)對地電(dian)阻和絕緣狀(zhuang)態。 　　

(8)不要單(dan)獨增加或(huo)減少電池(chi)組中(zhong)幾個單(dan)體電池(chi)的(de)負荷,這將(jiang)造成單(dan)體電池(chi)容(rong)量(liang)的(de)不平(ping)衡和充電的(de)不均一性(xing),降低電池(chi)的(de)使用壽(shou)命(ming)。 　　

(9)電(dian)池(chi)應(ying)盡可(ke)能安(an)裝在(zai)清潔、陰涼、通風(feng)、干(gan)燥的(de)地方,并(bing)要避(bi)免受到陽(yang)光(guang)、加(jia)熱(re)器或其他(ta)輻(fu)射熱(re)源(yuan)的(de)影響。電(dian)池(chi)應(ying)正立放置,不(bu)可(ke)傾斜。每個(ge)電(dian)池(chi)間端子連接要牢固(gu)。 　　

(10)定(ding)期(qi)保養,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)在使(shi)用一(yi)(yi)定(ding)時間后應進行定(ding)期(qi)檢查(cha),如(ru)觀察其(qi)外觀是(shi)否異常、測量各電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓是(shi)否平均等;如(ru)果長期(qi)不(bu)停(ting)(ting)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)會一(yi)(yi)直處于充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態(tai)(tai),這樣會使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的活性變差,因此即使(shi)不(bu)停(ting)(ting)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),UPS也(ye)需要定(ding)期(qi)進行放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)試(shi)驗以便電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)保持活性。放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)試(shi)驗一(yi)(yi)般(ban)可三個月進行一(yi)(yi)次,做(zuo)法是(shi)UPS帶載最好在50%以上,然后斷開(kai)市(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),使(shi)UPS處于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態(tai)(tai),放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)持續時間視(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)容量而(er)言一(yi)(yi)般(ban)為(wei)幾(ji)分鐘至幾(ji)十(shi)分鐘,放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后恢復(fu)市(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),繼續對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。 　　

清(qing)楚影響鉛(qian)酸蓄(xu)電池使用(yong)壽命的(de)主(zhu)要因素和在(zai)使用(yong)過程中應注意的(de)事項(xiang),對(dui)在(zai)UPS系統中正確使用(yong)和維護鉛(qian)酸蓄(xu)電池有很大的(de)幫助。